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Henry Ford and Anti-Semitism
Carrying the subtitle, The Chronicler of the Neglected Truth, the paper primarily served as a forum for Henry Ford's views. Each issue of the Independent carried "Mr. Ford's Own Page," an editorial expressing his opinions, written by William J. Cameron. Ford hired Edwin G. Pipp from the Detroit News to serve as editor. Agents went door-to-door selling subscriptions, and Ford Motor Company pressured Ford dealers throughout the nation to buy multiple subscriptions and hand out copies to customers.
The Dearborn Independent would, most likely, have remained a sidebar in Ford’s biography were it not for a controversial series that began on May 22, 1920 and lasted for several years. Appearing on the front page every week, "The International Jew: The World's Problem" examined a purported conspiracy launched by Jewish groups to achieve world domination. The basis for the articles was an ancient and notorious forgery, The Protocols of the Elders of Zion, an anti-Semitic hoax, first published in Russia in 1903.
Ford's attitudes toward Jews (along with support from his staff at the Dearborn Independent) were the major reason for the publication of "The International Jew." His anti-Semitic beliefs formed along several strands from his upbringing, attitudes, and personal beliefs. They were also influenced by then current populist political sensibilities that advocated a distrust of financiers, bankers and institutions of economic power.
A common stereotype at the time led some people to assume that Jews controlled the international banking system; that belief may have fed Ford's anti-Jewish feelings. His pacifism probably formed a second strand: his crusade against World War I convinced him that international Jewish bankers were fomenting the war. Here again, the stereotype noted above may have convinced him that international Jewish bankers supported the war for personal gain. Lastly, Ford's growing cultural conservatism, anti-urbanism, and nostalgia for the rural past formed an important third strand. Ford saw Jews present in everything that he viewed as modern and distasteful — contemporary music, movies, theater, new dress styles, and loosening social mores.
The publication of “The International Jew” caused an uproar. In some quarters, such as anti-immigrant and nativist groups, the series confirmed and validated their own beliefs. Others, appalled by the series, published demands for a retraction, removed the paper from public libraries, and promoted a boycott of Ford automobiles. Some Ford dealers refused to carry the paper. Responding to this pressure, Ford halted publication of the anti-Jewish series in January 1922, only to start it up again less than a year later.
In April 1924, the Independent initiated a new series of attacks on attorney Aaron Sapiro, accusing him of exploiting farmers' cooperatives. When Ford refused to print a retraction, Sapiro sued him for libel. The case finally came to trial in March 1927 and quickly turned into a media circus. Shortly before Ford was scheduled to testify, he ordered the closing of the Dearborn Independent (it closed at the end of 1927) and explored an out-of-court settlement with Sapiro. After negotiations with U.S. Representative Nathan D. Perlman, a vice president of the American Jewish Congress, and Louis Marshall, president of the American Jewish Committee, Ford agreed to release a formal apology, written by Marshall, and to make a cash settlement with Sapiro.
Although this seemingly ended a dark chapter in Henry Ford's life, the episode tarnished his reputation, and it has never been completely forgotten. To this day, white nationalists, racists, and other hate groups continue to cite Henry Ford's antisemitic literature to inform and rationalize their violent behavior and ideals.
Sources:
This essay relies primarily on The People’s Tycoon: Henry Ford and the American Century, by Steven Watts (New York: 2005). Additional material and perspectives are drawn from the following books and articles:Neil Baldwin, Henry Ford and the Jews: The Mass Production of Hate. New York, 2001.
Norman Cohn, Warrant for Genocide: The Myth of the Jewish World-Conspiracy and the Protocols of the Elders of Zion. New York, 1969.
Albert Lee, Henry Ford and the Jews. New York, 1980.
David L. Lewis, The Public Image of Henry Ford: An American Folk Hero and His Company. Detroit, 1976.
Stefan Link, “Rethinking the Ford-Nazi Connection,” Bulletin of the German Historical Institute, Vol 49, Fall 2011, 135-150.
Morton Rosenstock, Louis Marshall, Defender of Jewish Rights. Detroit, 1965.
Unpublished Material
There is a large body of material documenting this subject in the Ford Motor Company records held at the Benson Ford Research Center, The Henry Ford. Listed below is a sample of what is available:Bound Proceedings series, Ford Motor Company Legal records collection, Accession 295.
Business and Personal Correspondence series, Henry Ford Office records.
1920 Folders, Boxes 17 and 30, Accession 284; 1921-1952 Folders (scattered), Accession 285.
William J. Cameron Reminiscences, Oral History subgroup, Archives (Ford Motor Company) records, Box 11, Accession 65.
Clippings and Articles, Advertising Department records series, Ford Motor Company Sales and Advertising records collection, Box 1, Accession 274.
Dearborn Independent, Aaron Sapiro v. Henry Ford Lawsuit collection, Accession 48.
Ernest Liebold, Reminiscences, Oral History subgroup, Archives (Ford Motor Company) records, 16 volumes, Accession 65. See especially volume 6, “A Publication and an Apology.”
Repudiation Letter Written to Sigmund Livingston, January 12, 1942, Henry Ford Office records, Folder 681, Box 2534, Accession 285.
Repudiation Letter and Clippings, Blueprints, Drawings, Newspapers and Printed Material subseries, Frank Campsall records series, Boxes 42 and 43, Accession 292.
Sapiro vs. Ford, William J. Cameron records subgroup, Ford Motor Company Public Relations records collection, Box 15, Accession 44.
Vertical File (at Benson Ford Research Center): a collection of articles and references to images and other sources—See Ford, Henry-Anti-Semitism, and other topics
Related Content
Artifacts Related to Henry Ford and Anti-Semitism
The Dearborn Independent, September 12, 1925
Artifact
Newspaper
Date Made
12 September 1925
Summary
Henry Ford purchased The Dearborn Independent and published it under his name from 1919 to 1927. It served as a forum for Ford's views, free from other media outlets that had attacked his work and values and were outside his control. The Dearborn Independent covered world events, business and economic news, and fiction from noted authors. Sadly, it also served as an outlet for Ford's anti-Semitic sentiments. Between 1920 and 1922, the weekly paper ran a series of front-page articles that denounced all things Jewish. Even after this series, many articles contained anti-Jewish language. Though Ford later apologized and printed a retraction, these notoriously anti-Semitic editorials and articles forever tarnished the influential automaker's reputation.
Creators
Place of Creation
Object ID
84.1.48.7
Credit
From the Collections of The Henry Ford. Gift of Ford Motor Company.
Location
By Request in the Benson Ford Research Center
Get more details in Digital Collections at:
The Dearborn Independent, September 12, 1925
What is The Henry Ford?
The national attraction for discovering your ingenuity while exploring America’s spirit of innovation. There is always much to see and do at The Henry Ford.
The Dearborn Independent, February 20, 1926
Artifact
Newspaper
Date Made
12 September 1925
Summary
Henry Ford purchased The Dearborn Independent and published it under his name from 1919 to 1927. It served as a forum for Ford's views, free from other media outlets that had attacked his work and values and were outside his control. The Dearborn Independent covered world events, business and economic news, and fiction from noted authors. Sadly, it also served as an outlet for Ford's anti-Semitic sentiments. Between 1920 and 1922, the weekly paper ran a series of front-page articles that denounced all things Jewish. Even after this series, many articles contained anti-Jewish language. Though Ford later apologized and printed a retraction, these notoriously anti-Semitic editorials and articles forever tarnished the influential automaker's reputation.
Creators
Place of Creation
Object ID
84.1.48.8
Credit
From the Collections of The Henry Ford. Gift of Ford Motor Company.
Location
By Request in the Benson Ford Research Center
Get more details in Digital Collections at:
The Dearborn Independent, February 20, 1926
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Demand for Retraction, Dated 06 January 1925, in Preparation for Henry Ford vs Aaron Sapiro Trial
Details
Demand for Retraction, Dated 06 January 1925, in Preparation for Henry Ford vs Aaron Sapiro Trial
Artifact
Legal document
Date Made
06 January 1925
Summary
In 1925, Aaron Sapiro--a farm cooperative organizer--filed a libel lawsuit against Henry Ford and his associates for articles published in the The Dearborn Independent. The articles attacked Sapiro, claiming his work with the agricultural community was part of a Jewish conspiracy. This was not the first time the Ford-owned The Dearborn Independent had attacked Jews: from 1920-1922 the paper ran a series of front-page anti-Semitic articles. During the ensuing trial, Ford--uneasy about the possibility of testifying and fearing the loss of his reputation--decided to settle. In 1927, Ford released a written apology, which claimed he was ill-informed about the paper's action, and formally recanted the charges against Jews made by his paper.
Creators
Place of Creation
Object ID
84.1.48.1
Credit
From the Collections of The Henry Ford. Gift of Ford Motor Company.
Location
By Request in the Benson Ford Research Center
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Demand for Retraction, Dated 06 January 1925, in Preparation for Henry Ford vs Aaron Sapiro Trial
What is The Henry Ford?
The national attraction for discovering your ingenuity while exploring America’s spirit of innovation. There is always much to see and do at The Henry Ford.
The Dearborn Independent, December 13, 1919
Artifact
Newspaper
Date Made
13 December 1919
Summary
Henry Ford purchased The Dearborn Independent and published it under his name from 1919 to 1927. It served as a forum for Ford's views, free from other media outlets that had attacked his work and values and were outside his control. The Dearborn Independent covered world events, business and economic news, and fiction from noted authors. Sadly, it also served as an outlet for Ford's anti-Semitic sentiments. Between 1920 and 1922, the weekly paper ran a series of front-page articles that denounced all things Jewish. Even after this series, many articles contained anti-Jewish language. Though Ford later apologized and printed a retraction, these notoriously anti-Semitic editorials and articles forever tarnished the influential automaker's reputation.
Creators
Place of Creation
Object ID
84.1.48.3
Credit
From the Collections of The Henry Ford. Gift of Ford Motor Company.
Location
By Request in the Benson Ford Research Center
Get more details in Digital Collections at:
The Dearborn Independent, December 13, 1919
What is The Henry Ford?
The national attraction for discovering your ingenuity while exploring America’s spirit of innovation. There is always much to see and do at The Henry Ford.
The Dearborn Independent, March 15, 1924
Artifact
Newspaper
Date Made
15 March 1915
Summary
Henry Ford purchased The Dearborn Independent and published it under his name from 1919 to 1927. It served as a forum for Ford's views, free from other media outlets that had attacked his work and values and were outside his control. The Dearborn Independent covered world events, business and economic news, and fiction from noted authors. Sadly, it also served as an outlet for Ford's anti-Semitic sentiments. Between 1920 and 1922, the weekly paper ran a series of front-page articles that denounced all things Jewish. Even after this series, many articles contained anti-Jewish language. Though Ford later apologized and printed a retraction, these notoriously anti-Semitic editorials and articles forever tarnished the influential automaker's reputation.
Creators
Place of Creation
Keywords
Object ID
84.1.48.4
Credit
From the Collections of The Henry Ford. Gift of Ford Motor Company.
Location
By Request in the Benson Ford Research Center
Get more details in Digital Collections at:
The Dearborn Independent, March 15, 1924
What is The Henry Ford?
The national attraction for discovering your ingenuity while exploring America’s spirit of innovation. There is always much to see and do at The Henry Ford.
The Dearborn Independent, March 22, 1924
Artifact
Newspaper
Date Made
22 March 1924
Summary
Henry Ford purchased The Dearborn Independent and published it under his name from 1919 to 1927. It served as a forum for Ford's views, free from other media outlets that had attacked his work and values and were outside his control. The Dearborn Independent covered world events, business and economic news, and fiction from noted authors. Sadly, it also served as an outlet for Ford's anti-Semitic sentiments. Between 1920 and 1922, the weekly paper ran a series of front-page articles that denounced all things Jewish. Even after this series, many articles contained anti-Jewish language. Though Ford later apologized and printed a retraction, these notoriously anti-Semitic editorials and articles forever tarnished the influential automaker's reputation.
Creators
Place of Creation
Keywords
Object ID
84.1.48.5
Credit
From the Collections of The Henry Ford. Gift of Ford Motor Company.
Location
By Request in the Benson Ford Research Center
Get more details in Digital Collections at:
The Dearborn Independent, March 22, 1924
What is The Henry Ford?
The national attraction for discovering your ingenuity while exploring America’s spirit of innovation. There is always much to see and do at The Henry Ford.
The Dearborn Independent, August 29, 1925
Artifact
Newspaper
Date Made
29 August 1925
Summary
Henry Ford purchased The Dearborn Independent and published it under his name from 1919 to 1927. It served as a forum for Ford's views, free from other media outlets that had attacked his work and values and were outside his control. The Dearborn Independent covered world events, business and economic news, and fiction from noted authors. Sadly, it also served as an outlet for Ford's anti-Semitic sentiments. Between 1920 and 1922, the weekly paper ran a series of front-page articles that denounced all things Jewish. Even after this series, many articles contained anti-Jewish language. Though Ford later apologized and printed a retraction, these notoriously anti-Semitic editorials and articles forever tarnished the influential automaker's reputation.
Creators
Place of Creation
Object ID
84.1.48.6
Credit
From the Collections of The Henry Ford. Gift of Ford Motor Company.
Location
By Request in the Benson Ford Research Center
Get more details in Digital Collections at:
The Dearborn Independent, August 29, 1925
What is The Henry Ford?
The national attraction for discovering your ingenuity while exploring America’s spirit of innovation. There is always much to see and do at The Henry Ford.
W. F. Gerhardt and Cycleplane, McCook Field near Dayton, Ohio, 1923-1924
Artifact
Photographic print
Date Made
1923-1924
Keywords
Object ID
91.98.314
Credit
From the Collections of The Henry Ford. Gift of Ford R. Bryan.
Location
By Request in the Benson Ford Research Center
Get more details in Digital Collections at:
W. F. Gerhardt and Cycleplane, McCook Field near Dayton, Ohio, 1923-1924
What is The Henry Ford?
The national attraction for discovering your ingenuity while exploring America’s spirit of innovation. There is always much to see and do at The Henry Ford.
Dearborn Independent Newspaper for September 9, 1922
Artifact
Newspaper
Date Made
09 September 1922
Summary
Henry Ford purchased The Dearborn Independent and published it under his name from 1919 to 1927. It served as a forum for Ford's views, free from other media outlets that had attacked his work and values and were outside his control. The Dearborn Independent covered world events, business and economic news, and fiction from noted authors. Sadly, it also served as an outlet for Ford's anti-Semitic sentiments. Between 1920 and 1922, the weekly paper ran a series of front-page articles that denounced all things Jewish. Even after this series, many articles contained anti-Jewish language. Though Ford later apologized and printed a retraction, these notoriously anti-Semitic editorials and articles forever tarnished the influential automaker's reputation.
Creators
Object ID
91.98.909
Credit
From the Collections of The Henry Ford. Gift of Ford R. Bryan.
Location
By Request in the Benson Ford Research Center
Related Objects
Get more details in Digital Collections at:
Dearborn Independent Newspaper for September 9, 1922
What is The Henry Ford?
The national attraction for discovering your ingenuity while exploring America’s spirit of innovation. There is always much to see and do at The Henry Ford.
"The Rainbow Bridge in Utah Where Grey Goes to Get Color for His Books," circa 1924
Artifact
Photomechanical print
Object ID
91.98.917
Credit
From the Collections of The Henry Ford. Gift of Ford R. Bryan.
Location
By Request in the Benson Ford Research Center
Get more details in Digital Collections at:
"The Rainbow Bridge in Utah Where Grey Goes to Get Color for His Books," circa 1924
What is The Henry Ford?
The national attraction for discovering your ingenuity while exploring America’s spirit of innovation. There is always much to see and do at The Henry Ford.
"On the Trail by the Stone-Walled Canyons," circa 1924
Artifact
Photomechanical print
Keywords
Object ID
91.98.918
Credit
From the Collections of The Henry Ford. Gift of Ford R. Bryan.
Location
By Request in the Benson Ford Research Center
Get more details in Digital Collections at:
"On the Trail by the Stone-Walled Canyons," circa 1924
What is The Henry Ford?
The national attraction for discovering your ingenuity while exploring America’s spirit of innovation. There is always much to see and do at The Henry Ford.
Traffic Jam on Fifth Avenue, New York City, 1923-1924
Artifact
Photographic print
Date Made
1923-1924
Summary
Automobiles and open top buses line Fifth Avenue in New York City. This photograph from 1923 or 1924 shows the traffic large American cities faced with the new automobile.
Keywords
Object ID
91.98.338
Credit
From the Collections of The Henry Ford. Gift of Ford R. Bryan.
Location
By Request in the Benson Ford Research Center
Get more details in Digital Collections at:
Traffic Jam on Fifth Avenue, New York City, 1923-1924
What is The Henry Ford?
The national attraction for discovering your ingenuity while exploring America’s spirit of innovation. There is always much to see and do at The Henry Ford.
Portable Road Impact Testing Machine Designed by Earl B. Smith, 1921-1922
Artifact
Photographic print
Date Made
1921-1922
Creators
Keywords
Object ID
91.98.496
Credit
From the Collections of The Henry Ford. Gift of Ford R. Bryan.
Location
By Request in the Benson Ford Research Center
Get more details in Digital Collections at:
Portable Road Impact Testing Machine Designed by Earl B. Smith, 1921-1922
What is The Henry Ford?
The national attraction for discovering your ingenuity while exploring America’s spirit of innovation. There is always much to see and do at The Henry Ford.
Cottage for "Shell-Shocked" Veterans Being Cared For, Wisconsin Memorial Hospital, November 1923
Details
Cottage for "Shell-Shocked" Veterans Being Cared For, Wisconsin Memorial Hospital, November 1923
Artifact
Photographic print
Date Made
1922-1923
Creators
Place of Creation
Object ID
91.98.562
Credit
From the Collections of The Henry Ford. Gift of Ford R. Bryan.
Location
By Request in the Benson Ford Research Center
Related Objects
Get more details in Digital Collections at:
Cottage for "Shell-Shocked" Veterans Being Cared For, Wisconsin Memorial Hospital, November 1923
What is The Henry Ford?
The national attraction for discovering your ingenuity while exploring America’s spirit of innovation. There is always much to see and do at The Henry Ford.
Cooking Over a Campfire in the Missouri Ozarks, 1923
Artifact
Photographic print
Summary
Affordable cars promised freedom for average Americans. This couple escaped to the Ozarks in their Model T to enjoy the country. The caption of this 1923 photograph commented on the "Thousands of tourists, [who] now motor through these hills."
Creators
Place of Creation
Keywords
Object ID
91.98.154
Credit
From the Collections of The Henry Ford. Gift of Ford R. Bryan.
Location
By Request in the Benson Ford Research Center
Get more details in Digital Collections at:
Cooking Over a Campfire in the Missouri Ozarks, 1923
What is The Henry Ford?
The national attraction for discovering your ingenuity while exploring America’s spirit of innovation. There is always much to see and do at The Henry Ford.
Wreck of Monarch, Isle Royale, December 7, 1906
Artifact
Postcard
Creators
Object ID
91.98.913
Credit
From the Collections of The Henry Ford. Gift of Ford R. Bryan.
Location
By Request in the Benson Ford Research Center
Get more details in Digital Collections at:
Wreck of Monarch, Isle Royale, December 7, 1906
What is The Henry Ford?
The national attraction for discovering your ingenuity while exploring America’s spirit of innovation. There is always much to see and do at The Henry Ford.
Building Used for Those Employed to Care for Veterans at Wisconsin Memorial Hospital, November 1923
Details
Building Used for Those Employed to Care for Veterans at Wisconsin Memorial Hospital, November 1923
Artifact
Photographic print
Date Made
1922-1923
Creators
Place of Creation
Object ID
91.98.561
Credit
From the Collections of The Henry Ford. Gift of Ford R. Bryan.
Location
By Request in the Benson Ford Research Center
Related Objects
Get more details in Digital Collections at:
Building Used for Those Employed to Care for Veterans at Wisconsin Memorial Hospital, November 1923
What is The Henry Ford?
The national attraction for discovering your ingenuity while exploring America’s spirit of innovation. There is always much to see and do at The Henry Ford.
Chicken Yard Tended by Blind Veterans, Dearborn Indepenedent March 1921
Artifact
Photographic print
Date Made
1922-1923
Keywords
Object ID
91.98.178
Credit
From the Collections of The Henry Ford. Gift of Ford R. Bryan.
Location
By Request in the Benson Ford Research Center
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Get more details in Digital Collections at:
Chicken Yard Tended by Blind Veterans, Dearborn Indepenedent March 1921
What is The Henry Ford?
The national attraction for discovering your ingenuity while exploring America’s spirit of innovation. There is always much to see and do at The Henry Ford.
Concrete Road Sections for Use in Experimental Impact Tests, Arlington, Virginia, 1921-1922
Artifact
Photographic print
Date Made
1921-1922
Creators
Keywords
Object ID
91.98.497
Credit
From the Collections of The Henry Ford. Gift of Ford R. Bryan.
Location
By Request in the Benson Ford Research Center
Get more details in Digital Collections at:
Concrete Road Sections for Use in Experimental Impact Tests, Arlington, Virginia, 1921-1922
What is The Henry Ford?
The national attraction for discovering your ingenuity while exploring America’s spirit of innovation. There is always much to see and do at The Henry Ford.
Earl B. Smith, Testing Engineer, United States Bureau of Public Roads, 1921-1922
Artifact
Photographic print
Date Made
1921-1922
Creators
Object ID
91.98.911
Credit
From the Collections of The Henry Ford. Gift of Ford R. Bryan.
Location
By Request in the Benson Ford Research Center
Get more details in Digital Collections at:
Earl B. Smith, Testing Engineer, United States Bureau of Public Roads, 1921-1922
What is The Henry Ford?
The national attraction for discovering your ingenuity while exploring America’s spirit of innovation. There is always much to see and do at The Henry Ford.
Orchestra of Blind Veterans Playing at Weekly Dance, Dearborn Independent, April 1923
Artifact
Photographic print
Date Made
1922-1923
Keywords
Object ID
91.98.177
Credit
From the Collections of The Henry Ford. Gift of Ford R. Bryan.
Location
By Request in the Benson Ford Research Center
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Get more details in Digital Collections at:
Orchestra of Blind Veterans Playing at Weekly Dance, Dearborn Independent, April 1923
What is The Henry Ford?
The national attraction for discovering your ingenuity while exploring America’s spirit of innovation. There is always much to see and do at The Henry Ford.
Device for Indicating the Warping of Road Slabs Due to Temperature Changes, 1921-1922
Artifact
Photographic print
Date Made
1921-1922
Creators
Keywords
Object ID
91.98.910
Credit
From the Collections of The Henry Ford. Gift of Ford R. Bryan.
Location
By Request in the Benson Ford Research Center
Get more details in Digital Collections at:
Device for Indicating the Warping of Road Slabs Due to Temperature Changes, 1921-1922
What is The Henry Ford?
The national attraction for discovering your ingenuity while exploring America’s spirit of innovation. There is always much to see and do at The Henry Ford.
Dearborn Independent Newspaper for April 14, 1923
Artifact
Newspaper
Date Made
14 April 1923
Summary
Henry Ford purchased The Dearborn Independent and published it under his name from 1919 to 1927. It served as a forum for Ford's views, free from other media outlets that had attacked his work and values and were outside his control. The Dearborn Independent covered world events, business and economic news, and fiction from noted authors. Sadly, it also served as an outlet for Ford's anti-Semitic sentiments. Between 1920 and 1922, the weekly paper ran a series of front-page articles that denounced all things Jewish. Even after this series, many articles contained anti-Jewish language. Though Ford later apologized and printed a retraction, these notoriously anti-Semitic editorials and articles forever tarnished the influential automaker's reputation.
Creators
Object ID
91.98.908
Credit
From the Collections of The Henry Ford. Gift of Ford R. Bryan.
Location
By Request in the Benson Ford Research Center
Related Objects
Get more details in Digital Collections at:
Dearborn Independent Newspaper for April 14, 1923
What is The Henry Ford?
The national attraction for discovering your ingenuity while exploring America’s spirit of innovation. There is always much to see and do at The Henry Ford.
Blind Veteran Plucking a Chicken, Dearborn Independent, October 1919
Artifact
Photographic print
Date Made
1922-1923
Keywords
Object ID
91.98.542
Credit
From the Collections of The Henry Ford. Gift of Ford R. Bryan.
Location
By Request in the Benson Ford Research Center
Related Objects
Get more details in Digital Collections at:
Blind Veteran Plucking a Chicken, Dearborn Independent, October 1919
What is The Henry Ford?
The national attraction for discovering your ingenuity while exploring America’s spirit of innovation. There is always much to see and do at The Henry Ford.
Braille Map of the Evergreen School for the Blind, Made by Blind Veteran, April 1923
Artifact
Photographic print
Keywords
Object ID
91.98.904
Credit
From the Collections of The Henry Ford. Gift of Ford R. Bryan.
Location
By Request in the Benson Ford Research Center
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Get more details in Digital Collections at:
Braille Map of the Evergreen School for the Blind, Made by Blind Veteran, April 1923
What is The Henry Ford?
The national attraction for discovering your ingenuity while exploring America’s spirit of innovation. There is always much to see and do at The Henry Ford.
Map of Farwell's Point Showing Wisconsin Memorial Hospital, 1923
Artifact
Photographic print
Object ID
91.98.905
Credit
From the Collections of The Henry Ford. Gift of Ford R. Bryan.
Location
By Request in the Benson Ford Research Center
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Get more details in Digital Collections at:
Map of Farwell's Point Showing Wisconsin Memorial Hospital, 1923
What is The Henry Ford?
The national attraction for discovering your ingenuity while exploring America’s spirit of innovation. There is always much to see and do at The Henry Ford.
Buildings and Grounds of the Wisconsin Memorial Hospital at Farwell's Point, Wisoncon, 1923
Artifact
Photographic print
Creators
Place of Creation
Object ID
91.98.906
Credit
From the Collections of The Henry Ford. Gift of Ford R. Bryan.
Location
By Request in the Benson Ford Research Center
Related Objects
Get more details in Digital Collections at:
Buildings and Grounds of the Wisconsin Memorial Hospital at Farwell's Point, Wisoncon, 1923
What is The Henry Ford?
The national attraction for discovering your ingenuity while exploring America’s spirit of innovation. There is always much to see and do at The Henry Ford.
Dearborn Independent Newspaper for November 10, 1923
Artifact
Newspaper
Date Made
10 November 1923
Summary
Henry Ford purchased The Dearborn Independent and published it under his name from 1919 to 1927. It served as a forum for Ford's views, free from other media outlets that had attacked his work and values and were outside his control. The Dearborn Independent covered world events, business and economic news, and fiction from noted authors. Sadly, it also served as an outlet for Ford's anti-Semitic sentiments. Between 1920 and 1922, the weekly paper ran a series of front-page articles that denounced all things Jewish. Even after this series, many articles contained anti-Jewish language. Though Ford later apologized and printed a retraction, these notoriously anti-Semitic editorials and articles forever tarnished the influential automaker's reputation.
Creators
Keywords
United States, Wisconsin, Farwells Point
Object ID
91.98.907
Credit
From the Collections of The Henry Ford. Gift of Ford R. Bryan.
Location
By Request in the Benson Ford Research Center
Related Objects
Get more details in Digital Collections at:
Dearborn Independent Newspaper for November 10, 1923
What is The Henry Ford?
The national attraction for discovering your ingenuity while exploring America’s spirit of innovation. There is always much to see and do at The Henry Ford.
Disabled Veteran Carl Bronner Displays Typing Abilities, Dearborn Independent, September 1922
Details
Disabled Veteran Carl Bronner Displays Typing Abilities, Dearborn Independent, September 1922
Artifact
Photographic print
Date Made
1921-1922
Creators
Keywords
Object ID
91.98.48
Credit
From the Collections of The Henry Ford. Gift of Ford R. Bryan.
Location
By Request in the Benson Ford Research Center
Related Objects
Get more details in Digital Collections at:
Disabled Veteran Carl Bronner Displays Typing Abilities, Dearborn Independent, September 1922
What is The Henry Ford?
The national attraction for discovering your ingenuity while exploring America’s spirit of innovation. There is always much to see and do at The Henry Ford.
"Zane Grey on an Escarpment Overlooking the Painted Desert Made Famous by His Fiction," circa 1924
Details
"Zane Grey on an Escarpment Overlooking the Painted Desert Made Famous by His Fiction," circa 1924
Artifact
Photomechanical print
Object ID
91.98.916
Credit
From the Collections of The Henry Ford. Gift of Ford R. Bryan.
Location
By Request in the Benson Ford Research Center
Get more details in Digital Collections at:
"Zane Grey on an Escarpment Overlooking the Painted Desert Made Famous by His Fiction," circa 1924
What is The Henry Ford?
The national attraction for discovering your ingenuity while exploring America’s spirit of innovation. There is always much to see and do at The Henry Ford.
Harvesting Blue Grass Seed in Lexington, Kentucky for Sale to Golf Courses, 1923-1924
Artifact
Photographic print
Keywords
Object ID
91.98.343
Credit
From the Collections of The Henry Ford. Gift of Ford R. Bryan.
Location
By Request in the Benson Ford Research Center
Get more details in Digital Collections at:
Harvesting Blue Grass Seed in Lexington, Kentucky for Sale to Golf Courses, 1923-1924
What is The Henry Ford?
The national attraction for discovering your ingenuity while exploring America’s spirit of innovation. There is always much to see and do at The Henry Ford.
Rules Sign Posted at Camping Grounds, 1921-1922
Artifact
Photographic print
Date Made
1921-1922
Summary
Litter, fire, and lack of sanitary facilities became concerns as more campers hit the road in the early 20th century. Many communities established public autocamps with clean water and privies to deal with the problem. This photograph from 1922 shows one attempt to remind users to keep the campgrounds clean.
Place of Creation
Object ID
91.98.105
Credit
From the Collections of The Henry Ford. Gift of Ford R. Bryan.
Location
By Request in the Benson Ford Research Center
Get more details in Digital Collections at:
Rules Sign Posted at Camping Grounds, 1921-1922
What is The Henry Ford?
The national attraction for discovering your ingenuity while exploring America’s spirit of innovation. There is always much to see and do at The Henry Ford.
Newly Completed State Flour Mill, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 1921-1922
Artifact
Photographic print
Date Made
1921-1922
Creators
Place of Creation
Object ID
91.98.655
Credit
From the Collections of The Henry Ford. Gift of Ford R. Bryan.
Location
By Request in the Benson Ford Research Center
Get more details in Digital Collections at:
Newly Completed State Flour Mill, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 1921-1922
What is The Henry Ford?
The national attraction for discovering your ingenuity while exploring America’s spirit of innovation. There is always much to see and do at The Henry Ford.
Looking South toward Randolph Street from the Michigan Avenue Bridge, Chicago, Illinois, 1920-1922
Details
Looking South toward Randolph Street from the Michigan Avenue Bridge, Chicago, Illinois, 1920-1922
Artifact
Photographic print
Date Made
1920-1922
Creators
Keywords
Object ID
91.98.465
Credit
From the Collections of The Henry Ford. Gift of Ford R. Bryan.
Location
By Request in the Benson Ford Research Center
Get more details in Digital Collections at:
Looking South toward Randolph Street from the Michigan Avenue Bridge, Chicago, Illinois, 1920-1922
What is The Henry Ford?
The national attraction for discovering your ingenuity while exploring America’s spirit of innovation. There is always much to see and do at The Henry Ford.
University of Michigan Football Player Harry Kipke, 1922-1923
Artifact
Photographic print
Date Made
1922-1923
Creators
Keywords
Object ID
91.98.249
Credit
From the Collections of The Henry Ford. Gift of Ford R. Bryan.
Location
By Request in the Benson Ford Research Center
Get more details in Digital Collections at:
University of Michigan Football Player Harry Kipke, 1922-1923
What is The Henry Ford?
The national attraction for discovering your ingenuity while exploring America’s spirit of innovation. There is always much to see and do at The Henry Ford.
Factory Air Pollution, circa 1925
Artifact
Photographic print
Summary
In the 1920s, the source of air pollution was easy to recognize. Smoke pours out of the chimneys at an unspecified factory in this photo.
Creators
Object ID
91.98.783
Credit
From the Collections of The Henry Ford. Gift of Ford R. Bryan.
Location
By Request in the Benson Ford Research Center
Get more details in Digital Collections at:
Factory Air Pollution, circa 1925
What is The Henry Ford?
The national attraction for discovering your ingenuity while exploring America’s spirit of innovation. There is always much to see and do at The Henry Ford.
Georges de Bothezat in His Helicopter at McCook Field, Dayton, Ohio, 1923-1924
Artifact
Photographic print
Date Made
1923-1924
Summary
The search for a practical helicopter was difficult, particularly because of the challenges in controlling such an aircraft. In 1922 Russian-American inventor Georges de Bothezat, with funding from the U.S. Army, produced a four-rotor craft capable of vertical takeoff but limited in its horizontal motion. Convinced that de Bothezat's design was unworkable, the Army canceled the project in 1924.
Creators
Keywords
Object ID
91.98.589
Credit
From the Collections of The Henry Ford. Gift of Ford R. Bryan.
Location
By Request in the Benson Ford Research Center
Get more details in Digital Collections at:
Georges de Bothezat in His Helicopter at McCook Field, Dayton, Ohio, 1923-1924
What is The Henry Ford?
The national attraction for discovering your ingenuity while exploring America’s spirit of innovation. There is always much to see and do at The Henry Ford.
Hemp, Harvested and Stacked, Lexington, Kentucky, 1923-1924
Artifact
Photographic print
Keywords
Object ID
91.98.596
Credit
From the Collections of The Henry Ford. Gift of Ford R. Bryan.
Location
By Request in the Benson Ford Research Center
Get more details in Digital Collections at:
Hemp, Harvested and Stacked, Lexington, Kentucky, 1923-1924
What is The Henry Ford?
The national attraction for discovering your ingenuity while exploring America’s spirit of innovation. There is always much to see and do at The Henry Ford.
Breaking Hemp and Stacking It to Cure in Lexington, Kentucky, 1923-1924
Artifact
Photographic print
Keywords
Object ID
91.98.344
Credit
From the Collections of The Henry Ford. Gift of Ford R. Bryan.
Location
By Request in the Benson Ford Research Center
Get more details in Digital Collections at:
Breaking Hemp and Stacking It to Cure in Lexington, Kentucky, 1923-1924
What is The Henry Ford?
The national attraction for discovering your ingenuity while exploring America’s spirit of innovation. There is always much to see and do at The Henry Ford.
Sheep Waiting for a Ferry on the Columbia River in Oregon, 1923-1924
Artifact
Photographic print
Summary
Beginning in 1920, the Henry Ford-owned weekly newspaper The Dearborn Independent ran a series of front-page articles that denounced all things Jewish. Though the series ended in 1922, the weekly continued anti-Jewish diatribes in other articles, most notably those attacking Aaron Sapiro, a farm cooperative organizer. This photograph, though it appears harmless, was part of that campaign.
Creators
Keywords
Object ID
91.98.606
Credit
From the Collections of The Henry Ford. Gift of Ford R. Bryan.
Location
By Request in the Benson Ford Research Center
Get more details in Digital Collections at:
Sheep Waiting for a Ferry on the Columbia River in Oregon, 1923-1924
What is The Henry Ford?
The national attraction for discovering your ingenuity while exploring America’s spirit of innovation. There is always much to see and do at The Henry Ford.
Men Cutting Seed Potatoes for Planting on a Colorado Potato Farm, 1923-1924
Artifact
Photographic print
Keywords
Object ID
91.98.351
Credit
From the Collections of The Henry Ford. Gift of Ford R. Bryan.
Location
By Request in the Benson Ford Research Center
Get more details in Digital Collections at:
Men Cutting Seed Potatoes for Planting on a Colorado Potato Farm, 1923-1924
What is The Henry Ford?
The national attraction for discovering your ingenuity while exploring America’s spirit of innovation. There is always much to see and do at The Henry Ford.
Irrigating Potato Fields near Hayden, Colorado, 1923-1924
Artifact
Photographic print
Creators
Keywords
Object ID
91.98.602
Credit
From the Collections of The Henry Ford. Gift of Ford R. Bryan.
Location
By Request in the Benson Ford Research Center
Get more details in Digital Collections at:
Irrigating Potato Fields near Hayden, Colorado, 1923-1924
What is The Henry Ford?
The national attraction for discovering your ingenuity while exploring America’s spirit of innovation. There is always much to see and do at The Henry Ford.
Cheapside Market in Lexington, Kentucky, 1923-1924
Artifact
Photographic print
Keywords
Object ID
91.98.345
Credit
From the Collections of The Henry Ford. Gift of Ford R. Bryan.
Location
By Request in the Benson Ford Research Center
Get more details in Digital Collections at:
Cheapside Market in Lexington, Kentucky, 1923-1924
What is The Henry Ford?
The national attraction for discovering your ingenuity while exploring America’s spirit of innovation. There is always much to see and do at The Henry Ford.
Covered Bridge across a Stream in Lexington, Kentucky, 1923-1924
Artifact
Photographic print
Summary
Covered bridges were built across the United States throughout the 19th and into the early 20th centuries. Bridges provided important commercial and community connections, but constructing them required careful planning and a substantial investment of time, labor, and materials. Walls and a roof helped preserve these valuable structures by protecting the truss system and keeping structural timbers dry.
Keywords
Object ID
91.98.727
Credit
From the Collections of The Henry Ford. Gift of Ford R. Bryan.
Location
By Request in the Benson Ford Research Center
Get more details in Digital Collections at:
Covered Bridge across a Stream in Lexington, Kentucky, 1923-1924
What is The Henry Ford?
The national attraction for discovering your ingenuity while exploring America’s spirit of innovation. There is always much to see and do at The Henry Ford.
Workers Compressing Hops into Bales, Oregon, 1923-1924
Artifact
Photographic print
Keywords
Object ID
91.98.359
Credit
From the Collections of The Henry Ford. Gift of Ford R. Bryan.
Location
By Request in the Benson Ford Research Center
Get more details in Digital Collections at:
Workers Compressing Hops into Bales, Oregon, 1923-1924
What is The Henry Ford?
The national attraction for discovering your ingenuity while exploring America’s spirit of innovation. There is always much to see and do at The Henry Ford.
Workers Putting Hops in a Drying Kiln, Oregon, 1923-1924
Artifact
Photographic print
Keywords
Object ID
91.98.360
Credit
From the Collections of The Henry Ford. Gift of Ford R. Bryan.
Location
By Request in the Benson Ford Research Center
Get more details in Digital Collections at:
Workers Putting Hops in a Drying Kiln, Oregon, 1923-1924
What is The Henry Ford?
The national attraction for discovering your ingenuity while exploring America’s spirit of innovation. There is always much to see and do at The Henry Ford.
Wreck of Steamer "Crescent City," Duluth, Minnesota, 1905
Artifact
Postcard
Creators
Object ID
91.98.912
Credit
From the Collections of The Henry Ford. Gift of Ford R. Bryan.
Location
By Request in the Benson Ford Research Center
Get more details in Digital Collections at:
Wreck of Steamer "Crescent City," Duluth, Minnesota, 1905
What is The Henry Ford?
The national attraction for discovering your ingenuity while exploring America’s spirit of innovation. There is always much to see and do at The Henry Ford.
Portrait of Zane Grey, circa 1924
Artifact
Photomechanical print
Keywords
Object ID
91.98.919
Credit
From the Collections of The Henry Ford. Gift of Ford R. Bryan.
Location
By Request in the Benson Ford Research Center
Get more details in Digital Collections at:
Portrait of Zane Grey, circa 1924
What is The Henry Ford?
The national attraction for discovering your ingenuity while exploring America’s spirit of innovation. There is always much to see and do at The Henry Ford.
Dearborn Independent Newspaper for August 9, 1924
Artifact
Newspaper
Date Made
09 August 1924
Summary
Henry Ford purchased The Dearborn Independent and published it under his name from 1919 to 1927. It served as a forum for Ford's views, free from other media outlets that had attacked his work and values and were outside his control. The Dearborn Independent covered world events, business and economic news, and fiction from noted authors. Sadly, it also served as an outlet for Ford's anti-Semitic sentiments. Between 1920 and 1922, the weekly paper ran a series of front-page articles that denounced all things Jewish. Even after this series, many articles contained anti-Jewish language. Though Ford later apologized and printed a retraction, these notoriously anti-Semitic editorials and articles forever tarnished the influential automaker's reputation.
Creators
Place of Creation
Object ID
91.98.920
Credit
From the Collections of The Henry Ford. Gift of Ford R. Bryan.
Location
By Request in the Benson Ford Research Center
Get more details in Digital Collections at:
Dearborn Independent Newspaper for August 9, 1924
What is The Henry Ford?
The national attraction for discovering your ingenuity while exploring America’s spirit of innovation. There is always much to see and do at The Henry Ford.
Child Standing near "Shotgun" Houses in Lexington, Kentucky, 1923-1924
Artifact
Photographic print
Keywords
Object ID
91.98.600
Credit
From the Collections of The Henry Ford. Gift of Ford R. Bryan.
Location
By Request in the Benson Ford Research Center
Get more details in Digital Collections at:
Child Standing near "Shotgun" Houses in Lexington, Kentucky, 1923-1924
What is The Henry Ford?
The national attraction for discovering your ingenuity while exploring America’s spirit of innovation. There is always much to see and do at The Henry Ford.
Street Scene in Lexington, Kentucky, 1923-1924
Artifact
Photographic print
Keywords
Object ID
91.98.728
Credit
From the Collections of The Henry Ford. Gift of Ford R. Bryan.
Location
By Request in the Benson Ford Research Center
Get more details in Digital Collections at:
Street Scene in Lexington, Kentucky, 1923-1924
What is The Henry Ford?
The national attraction for discovering your ingenuity while exploring America’s spirit of innovation. There is always much to see and do at The Henry Ford.
Barbecue Day in Lexington, Kentucky, 1923-1924
Artifact
Photographic print
Keywords
Object ID
91.98.348
Credit
From the Collections of The Henry Ford. Gift of Ford R. Bryan.
Location
By Request in the Benson Ford Research Center
Get more details in Digital Collections at:
Barbecue Day in Lexington, Kentucky, 1923-1924
What is The Henry Ford?
The national attraction for discovering your ingenuity while exploring America’s spirit of innovation. There is always much to see and do at The Henry Ford.
Blue Grass Seed in Lexington, Kentucky, Bound for Golf Courses across the United States, 1923-1924
Details
Blue Grass Seed in Lexington, Kentucky, Bound for Golf Courses across the United States, 1923-1924
Artifact
Photographic print
Keywords
Object ID
91.98.346
Credit
From the Collections of The Henry Ford. Gift of Ford R. Bryan.
Location
By Request in the Benson Ford Research Center
Get more details in Digital Collections at:
Blue Grass Seed in Lexington, Kentucky, Bound for Golf Courses across the United States, 1923-1924
What is The Henry Ford?
The national attraction for discovering your ingenuity while exploring America’s spirit of innovation. There is always much to see and do at The Henry Ford.
Hop-Pickers in a Field, Oregon, 1923-1924
Artifact
Photographic print
Keywords
Object ID
91.98.358
Credit
From the Collections of The Henry Ford. Gift of Ford R. Bryan.
Location
By Request in the Benson Ford Research Center
Get more details in Digital Collections at:
Hop-Pickers in a Field, Oregon, 1923-1924
What is The Henry Ford?
The national attraction for discovering your ingenuity while exploring America’s spirit of innovation. There is always much to see and do at The Henry Ford.
The Head of the Wedding Procession, Peking (Beijing) China, circa 1923
Artifact
Photographic print
Creators
Keywords
Object ID
91.98.914
Credit
From the Collections of The Henry Ford. Gift of Ford R. Bryan.
Location
By Request in the Benson Ford Research Center
Get more details in Digital Collections at:
The Head of the Wedding Procession, Peking (Beijing) China, circa 1923
What is The Henry Ford?
The national attraction for discovering your ingenuity while exploring America’s spirit of innovation. There is always much to see and do at The Henry Ford.
Carrying Live Geese to Market, Shanghai, China, circa 1924
Artifact
Photographic print
Object ID
91.98.915
Credit
From the Collections of The Henry Ford. Gift of Ford R. Bryan.
Location
By Request in the Benson Ford Research Center
Get more details in Digital Collections at:
Carrying Live Geese to Market, Shanghai, China, circa 1924
What is The Henry Ford?
The national attraction for discovering your ingenuity while exploring America’s spirit of innovation. There is always much to see and do at The Henry Ford.
Wagonloads of Hops in Sacks Being Taken to a Hop-Drying Plant in Oregon, 1923-1924
Artifact
Photographic print
Keywords
Object ID
91.98.361
Credit
From the Collections of The Henry Ford. Gift of Ford R. Bryan.
Location
By Request in the Benson Ford Research Center
Get more details in Digital Collections at:
Wagonloads of Hops in Sacks Being Taken to a Hop-Drying Plant in Oregon, 1923-1924
What is The Henry Ford?
The national attraction for discovering your ingenuity while exploring America’s spirit of innovation. There is always much to see and do at The Henry Ford.
Farm Workers with Mechanical Potato Harvester and Baskets of Potatoes, 1923-1924
Artifact
Photographic print
Summary
Beginning in 1920, the Henry Ford-owned weekly newspaper The Dearborn Independent ran a series of front-page articles that denounced all things Jewish. Though the series ended in 1922, the weekly continued anti-Jewish diatribes in other articles, most notably those attacking Aaron Sapiro, a farm cooperative organizer. This photograph of typical farmworkers appears harmless, but typewritten comments on the back expose its true purpose.
Keywords
Object ID
91.98.601
Credit
From the Collections of The Henry Ford. Gift of Ford R. Bryan.
Location
By Request in the Benson Ford Research Center
Get more details in Digital Collections at:
Farm Workers with Mechanical Potato Harvester and Baskets of Potatoes, 1923-1924
What is The Henry Ford?
The national attraction for discovering your ingenuity while exploring America’s spirit of innovation. There is always much to see and do at The Henry Ford.
Workers Harvesting Potatoes in Colorado, 1923-1924
Artifact
Photographic print
Summary
Beginning in 1920, the Henry Ford-owned weekly newspaper The Dearborn Independent ran a series of front-page articles that denounced all things Jewish. Though the series ended in 1922, the weekly continued anti-Jewish diatribes in other articles, most notably those attacking Aaron Sapiro, a farm cooperative organizer. This photograph of typical farmworkers appears harmless, but typewritten comments on the back expose its true purpose.
Keywords
Object ID
91.98.352
Credit
From the Collections of The Henry Ford. Gift of Ford R. Bryan.
Location
By Request in the Benson Ford Research Center
Get more details in Digital Collections at:
Workers Harvesting Potatoes in Colorado, 1923-1924
What is The Henry Ford?
The national attraction for discovering your ingenuity while exploring America’s spirit of innovation. There is always much to see and do at The Henry Ford.
Newspaper, "The Dearborn Independent, Ford Confidence Edition, Industrial Section," 1938
Artifact
Newspaper
Date Made
1938
Summary
In 1938, the Dearborn Independent published a special section highlighting Ford Motor Company's successes during the Great Depression. The cover image represented a longtime interest of Henry Ford's: the mutual relationship between industry and agriculture. Henry Ford had owned the Dearborn Independent from 1919 to 1927, and he had used it to publish notoriously anti-Semitic editorials and articles.
Creators
Place of Creation
Object ID
64.167.972.1
Credit
From the Collections of The Henry Ford. Gift of Ford Motor Company.
Location
By Request in the Benson Ford Research Center
Get more details in Digital Collections at:
Newspaper, "The Dearborn Independent, Ford Confidence Edition, Industrial Section," 1938
What is The Henry Ford?
The national attraction for discovering your ingenuity while exploring America’s spirit of innovation. There is always much to see and do at The Henry Ford.
Composing Room of Dearborn Publishing Company at the Ford Engineering Laboratory, Dearborn, Michigan, 1925
Details
Composing Room of Dearborn Publishing Company at the Ford Engineering Laboratory, Dearborn, Michigan, 1925
Artifact
Photographic print
Summary
Henry Ford purchased The Dearborn Independent and published it under his name from 1919 to 1927. It served as a forum for Ford's views, free from other media outlets that had attacked his work and values and were outside his control. The Dearborn Independent covered world events, business and economic news, and fiction from noted authors. Sadly, it also served as an outlet for Ford's anti-Semitic sentiments. Between 1920 and 1922, the weekly paper ran a series of front-page articles that denounced all things Jewish. Even after this series, many articles contained anti-Jewish language. Though Ford later apologized and printed a retraction, these notoriously anti-Semitic editorials and articles forever tarnished the influential automaker's reputation.
Place of Creation
Keywords
Object ID
84.1.1660.P.189.2969
Credit
From the Collections of The Henry Ford. Gift of Ford Motor Company.
Location
By Request in the Benson Ford Research Center
Get more details in Digital Collections at:
Composing Room of Dearborn Publishing Company at the Ford Engineering Laboratory, Dearborn, Michigan, 1925
What is The Henry Ford?
The national attraction for discovering your ingenuity while exploring America’s spirit of innovation. There is always much to see and do at The Henry Ford.
Cover Page of "The Dearborn Independent, Ford Confidence Edition, Industrial Section," 1938
Artifact
Photographic print
Summary
In 1938, the Dearborn Independent published a special section highlighting Ford Motor Company's successes during the Great Depression. The cover image represented a longtime interest of Henry Ford's: the mutual relationship between industry and agriculture. Henry Ford had owned the Dearborn Independent from 1919 to 1927, and he had used it to publish notoriously anti-Semitic editorials and articles.
Keywords
Object ID
P.D.1265
Credit
From the Collections of The Henry Ford. Gift of Ford Motor Company.
Location
By Request in the Benson Ford Research Center
Get more details in Digital Collections at:
Cover Page of "The Dearborn Independent, Ford Confidence Edition, Industrial Section," 1938
What is The Henry Ford?
The national attraction for discovering your ingenuity while exploring America’s spirit of innovation. There is always much to see and do at The Henry Ford.
The Dearborn Independent, Bound Volume of Issues, October 27, 1923-October 18, 1924
Artifact
Newspaper
Date Made
27 October 1923-18 October 1924
Summary
Henry Ford purchased The Dearborn Independent and published it under his name from 1919 to 1927. It served as a forum for Ford's views, free from other media outlets that had attacked his work and values and were outside his control. The Dearborn Independent covered world events, business and economic news, and fiction from noted authors. Sadly, it also served as an outlet for Ford's anti-Semitic sentiments. Between 1920 and 1922, the weekly paper ran a series of front-page articles that denounced all things Jewish. Even after this series, many articles contained anti-Jewish language. Though Ford later apologized and printed a retraction, these notoriously anti-Semitic editorials and articles forever tarnished the influential automaker's reputation.
Creators
Place of Creation
Object ID
00.1334.45.13
Credit
From the Collections of The Henry Ford. Gift of Ford Motor Company.
Location
Not on exhibit to the public.
Get more details in Digital Collections at:
The Dearborn Independent, Bound Volume of Issues, October 27, 1923-October 18, 1924
What is The Henry Ford?
The national attraction for discovering your ingenuity while exploring America’s spirit of innovation. There is always much to see and do at The Henry Ford.
Trade Card for the Newspaper "Dearborn Independent," Dearborn Publishing Co., 1926
Artifact
Trade card
Date Made
1926
Summary
Henry Ford purchased The Dearborn Independent and published it under his name from 1919 to 1927. It served as a forum for Ford's views, free from other media outlets that had attacked his work and values and were outside his control. The Dearborn Independent covered world events, business and economic news, and fiction from noted authors. Sadly, it also served as an outlet for Ford's anti-Semitic sentiments. Between 1920 and 1922, the weekly paper ran a series of front-page articles that denounced all things Jewish. Even after this series, many articles contained anti-Jewish language. Though Ford later apologized and printed a retraction, these notoriously anti-Semitic editorials and articles forever tarnished the influential automaker's reputation.
Creators
Place of Creation
Object ID
88.0.312.1
Credit
From the Collections of The Henry Ford.
Location
By Request in the Benson Ford Research Center
Get more details in Digital Collections at:
Trade Card for the Newspaper "Dearborn Independent," Dearborn Publishing Co., 1926
What is The Henry Ford?
The national attraction for discovering your ingenuity while exploring America’s spirit of innovation. There is always much to see and do at The Henry Ford.
The International Jew - The World's Foremost Problem, Volume 3, "Jewish Influences in American Life," 1921
Details
The International Jew - The World's Foremost Problem, Volume 3, "Jewish Influences in American Life," 1921
Artifact
Book
Date Made
November 1921
Summary
Henry Ford published the weekly The Dearborn Independent from 1919 to 1927 as a forum for his views. Between 1920 and 1922, the paper ran a series of front-page articles (penned by its editor, William Cameron) entitled The International Jew that denounced all things Jewish. Many of these articles were later compiled, reprinted, and distributed in a four-volume set. These defamatory articles exposed Ford's deep anti-Semitic sentiments and sadly legitimized these prejudices to hundreds of thousands of readers. Though Ford later apologized and printed a retraction, this episode forever tarnished the influential automaker's reputation.
Creators
Place of Creation
Object ID
2019.0.3.35
Credit
From the Collections of The Henry Ford.
Location
Not on exhibit to the public.
Get more details in Digital Collections at:
The International Jew - The World's Foremost Problem, Volume 3, "Jewish Influences in American Life," 1921
What is The Henry Ford?
The national attraction for discovering your ingenuity while exploring America’s spirit of innovation. There is always much to see and do at The Henry Ford.
Rotary Press, Used to Print the Dearborn Independent
Artifact
Printing press
Date Made
circa 1900
Summary
This printing press was used to print The Dearborn Independent. Henry Ford purchased the weekly newspaper and published it under his name from 1919 to 1927. The Independent served as a forum for Ford's views, free from other media outlets that had attacked his work and values and were outside his control. The Dearborn Independent covered world events, business and economic news, and fiction from noted authors. Sadly, it also served as an outlet for Ford's anti-Semitic sentiments. Between 1920 and 1922, the paper ran a series of front-page articles that denounced all things Jewish. Even after this series, many articles contained anti-Jewish language. Though Ford later apologized and printed a retraction, these notoriously anti-Semitic editorials and articles forever tarnished the influential automaker's reputation.
Creators
Place of Creation
Keywords
United States, Michigan, Dearborn
United States, Michigan, Detroit
The Youth's Companion combined with American Boy (Magazine)
Object ID
00.611.1
Credit
From the Collections of The Henry Ford.
Location
Not on exhibit to the public.
Get more details in Digital Collections at:
Rotary Press, Used to Print the Dearborn Independent
What is The Henry Ford?
The national attraction for discovering your ingenuity while exploring America’s spirit of innovation. There is always much to see and do at The Henry Ford.
The International Jew - The World's Foremost Problem, Volume 2, "Jewish Activities in the United States," 1921
Details
The International Jew - The World's Foremost Problem, Volume 2, "Jewish Activities in the United States," 1921
Artifact
Book
Date Made
April 1921
Summary
Henry Ford published the weekly The Dearborn Independent from 1919 to 1927 as a forum for his views. Between 1920 and 1922, the paper ran a series of front-page articles (penned by its editor, William Cameron) entitled The International Jew that denounced all things Jewish. Many of these articles were later compiled, reprinted, and distributed in a four-volume set. These defamatory articles exposed Ford's deep anti-Semitic sentiments and sadly legitimized these prejudices to hundreds of thousands of readers. Though Ford later apologized and printed a retraction, this episode forever tarnished the influential automaker's reputation.
Creators
Place of Creation
Object ID
2019.0.3.34
Credit
From the Collections of The Henry Ford.
Location
Not on exhibit to the public.
Get more details in Digital Collections at:
The International Jew - The World's Foremost Problem, Volume 2, "Jewish Activities in the United States," 1921
What is The Henry Ford?
The national attraction for discovering your ingenuity while exploring America’s spirit of innovation. There is always much to see and do at The Henry Ford.
The International Jew - The World's Foremost Problem, Volume 1, 1920
Artifact
Book
Date Made
November 20
Summary
Henry Ford published the weekly The Dearborn Independent from 1919 to 1927 as a forum for his views. Between 1920 and 1922, the paper ran a series of front-page articles (penned by its editor, William Cameron) entitled The International Jew that denounced all things Jewish. Many of these articles were later compiled, reprinted, and distributed in a four-volume set. These defamatory articles exposed Ford's deep anti-Semitic sentiments and sadly legitimized these prejudices to hundreds of thousands of readers. Though Ford later apologized and printed a retraction, this episode forever tarnished the influential automaker's reputation.
Creators
Place of Creation
Object ID
2019.0.3.33
Credit
From the Collections of The Henry Ford.
Location
Not on exhibit to the public.
Get more details in Digital Collections at:
The International Jew - The World's Foremost Problem, Volume 1, 1920
What is The Henry Ford?
The national attraction for discovering your ingenuity while exploring America’s spirit of innovation. There is always much to see and do at The Henry Ford.
The International Jew - The World's Foremost Problem, Volume 4, "Aspects of Jewish Power in the United States," 1922
Details
The International Jew - The World's Foremost Problem, Volume 4, "Aspects of Jewish Power in the United States," 1922
Artifact
Book
Date Made
May 1922
Summary
Henry Ford published the weekly The Dearborn Independent from 1919 to 1927 as a forum for his views. Between 1920 and 1922, the paper ran a series of front-page articles (penned by its editor, William Cameron) entitled The International Jew that denounced all things Jewish. Many of these articles were later compiled, reprinted, and distributed in a four-volume set. These defamatory articles exposed Ford's deep anti-Semitic sentiments and sadly legitimized these prejudices to hundreds of thousands of readers. Though Ford later apologized and printed a retraction, this episode forever tarnished the influential automaker's reputation.
Creators
Place of Creation
Object ID
2019.0.3.36
Credit
From the Collections of The Henry Ford.
Location
Not on exhibit to the public.
Get more details in Digital Collections at:
The International Jew - The World's Foremost Problem, Volume 4, "Aspects of Jewish Power in the United States," 1922
What is The Henry Ford?
The national attraction for discovering your ingenuity while exploring America’s spirit of innovation. There is always much to see and do at The Henry Ford.
