Lesson: Henry Ford - Beginnings of the Auto Industry

Some cities built municipal elevated urban railways to move people quickly. This postcard shows the Chicago "L" about 1900. Note the pedestrians and horse-drawn vehicles on the street below.

Early automobiles were more of a curiosity than practical transportation. Duryea Motor Wagon Company was the first American firm to try to make a business of building and selling automobiles. In this photograph, a Duryea is displayed by the Barnum & Bailey Circus in 1896 -- an excellent advertisement for the company. The only known surviving 1896 Duryea is in the collections of The Henry Ford.

Henry Ford sat for the official Ford Motor Company portrait in 1904. The company was his third. Ford had success in building cars, but his first company failed and he was forced out of the second. By the time this portrait was taken, Ford Motor Company had survived its first year and was selling its first cars, the Model A.

This 1914 touring car is one of several Model T automobiles given to naturalist John Burroughs by his friend Henry Ford. Ford Motor Company experienced a milestone year in 1914. The automaker fully implemented the moving assembly line at its Highland Park plant, and it introduced the Five Dollar Day profit-sharing plan for its employees.

Hybrid automobiles improve fuel efficiency and reduce tailpipe emissions compared with standard internal combustion-powered cars. Hybrids use small internal combustion engines and battery-powered electric motors. Powerful computers and sophisticated software coordinate the smooth, seamless transfer of power between the two units. This Prius is one of Toyota's first-generation hybrids, introduced in the United States in 2000.

The Quadricycle was Henry Ford's first attempt to build a gasoline-powered automobile. It utilized commonly available materials: angle iron for the frame, a leather belt and chain drive for the transmission, and a buggy seat. Ford had to devise his own ignition system. He sold his Quadricycle for $200, then used the money to build his second car.

Portable steam engines like this powered grain threshers, sawmills, or corn shellers. Horses pulled them from farm to farm. In 1882, 19-year-old Henry Ford was able to make this engine run well when an older man could not; his first accomplishment in the adult world. Thirty years later Ford tracked down the engine, bought it, and returned it to operating condition.